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MECHANISM DILIGENCE · CELL READING GUIDE
Explore the cell without 3D Read the 20 components in the existing animal-cell model. The reference cell is 30 µm across; dimensions, positions and motion include assumptions and placeholders. This is a teaching model, not a measurement of a particular cell.
Independent scientific review is pending. The component descriptions and source associations remain subject to review.
Component index Check what the model can tell you
Boundaries
Plasma membrane Selective exchange and surface signaling.
Size in the existing model Cell diameter: 30 µm reference; membrane thickness unresolved Movement and limits Fixed boundary in this model. Size evidence: The table lists a 30 micrometre cell diameter. It does not establish membrane thickness.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Nuclear structures
Nucleus Contains nuclear DNA and coordinates gene expression.
Size in the existing model 5 µm diameter reference Movement and limits Stationary reference compartment. Size evidence: The table lists a 5 micrometre nucleus diameter as an average, not a universal value.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Nuclear structures
Nucleolus Ribosomal RNA production and ribosome assembly.
Size in the existing model 1 µm diameter assumption Movement and limits Stationary; assembly dynamics planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Nuclear structures
Chromatin DNA packaged with proteins; accessibility helps regulate gene expression.
Size in the existing model Folded chromatin shown schematically Movement and limits Static organization; genomic modeling planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Nuclear structures
Nuclear pore complex Selective transport between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Size in the existing model 0.1 µm marker assumption Movement and limits Fixed in nuclear envelope; transport is not simulated. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Membrane systems
Endoplasmic reticulum Protein processing and lipid synthesis; continuous with the nuclear envelope.
Size in the existing model Network extent and lumen width are schematic Movement and limits Fixed network; trafficking represented separately. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Membrane systems
Golgi apparatus Modifies and sorts proteins and lipids.
Size in the existing model 2 µm stack extent assumption Movement and limits Fixed stack; vesicle kinetics planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Organelles
Mitochondrion Oxidative phosphorylation and other metabolic functions.
Size in the existing model 1.5–2 µm length; 0.6 µm width assumptions Movement and limits Fixed instances; fusion, fission and remodeling planned. Size evidence: The table gives typical lengths of 1–2 micrometres, with lengths up to 7 micrometres. Our narrower range and 0.6 micrometre width remain model assumptions.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Organelles
Lysosome Acidic degradation of delivered cellular material.
Size in the existing model 0.5 µm diameter assumption Movement and limits Fixed instances; acidification and turnover planned. Size evidence: The table gives diameters of 50–3,000 nanometres. Our 0.5 micrometre sphere is an illustrative choice within that range, not a measured lysosome.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Organelles
Peroxisome Oxidative metabolism including fatty-acid processing.
Size in the existing model 0.4 µm diameter assumption Movement and limits Fixed instances; biochemical reactions planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Organelles
Endosome Sorts internalized material toward recycling or degradation.
Size in the existing model 0.6 µm diameter assumption Movement and limits Fixed instances; maturation and sorting planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Molecular machinery
Ribosome Translates messenger RNA into protein.
Size in the existing model 25 nm diameter reference Movement and limits Fixed representative instances; translation kinetics planned. Size evidence: The table gives diameters of 20–30 nanometres. The model uses 25 nanometres as a representative value.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Cytoskeleton
Microtubule Intracellular transport tracks and structural organization.
Size in the existing model 25 nm width reference Movement and limits Static tracks; polymerization planned. Size evidence: The NIGMS page does not establish this width. An indexed NCBI Bookshelf textbook excerpt describes an approximate 25 nanometre diameter. This is provisional reference support, not calibration of our model geometry or dynamics.
The Cell: Microtubules (NCBI Bookshelf)
Indexed chapter excerpt inspected; direct chapter access presented a browser challenge. Full chapter not inspected.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Cytoskeleton
Actin filament Cell shape, force generation and movement.
Size in the existing model 7 nm width reference Movement and limits Static fibers; force and turnover models planned. Size evidence: The NIGMS page does not establish this width. An indexed NCBI Bookshelf textbook excerpt describes an approximate 7 nanometre diameter. This is provisional reference support, not calibration of our model geometry or dynamics.
The Cell: Structure and Organization of Actin Filaments (NCBI Bookshelf)
Indexed chapter excerpt inspected; direct chapter access presented a browser challenge. Full chapter not inspected.
Context and source NIGMS · organelle dimensions
Reference dimensions vary between cells and states.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Tracked examples
Transport vesicle Illustrates a membrane-bound cargo moving along a track.
Size in the existing model 0.1 µm diameter assumption Movement and limits Illustrative directed trajectory; no calibrated transport speed. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Tracked examples
Soluble protein Illustrates a soluble molecule exploring cytoplasmic space.
Size in the existing model 5 nm diameter placeholder Movement and limits Bounded illustrative motion, not calibrated Brownian dynamics. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Tracked examples
Drug-sized probe A generic visualization probe; no named drug or target affinity is modeled.
Size in the existing model 1 nm diameter placeholder Movement and limits Bounded illustrative trajectory; no permeability or exposure prediction. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Molecular machinery
Membrane receptor Represents a surface signaling protein.
Size in the existing model 10 nm extent placeholder Movement and limits Fixed in the boundary; binding and downstream signaling planned. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Nuclear structures
Nuclear envelope Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm and is continuous with the ER membrane system.
Size in the existing model Two surface layers shown schematically; spacing not a calibrated envelope measurement Movement and limits Static envelope; transport through pores is not simulated. Context and source Viana et al. · Nature (2023)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells; cellular organization varies with cell shape and state. Dataset not imported into this viewer.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
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Membrane systems
Represents apposed organelle membranes that support interorganelle communication without fusion.
Size in the existing model 20 nm illustrative gap at one selected interface Movement and limits Fixed illustrative contact; tether exchange and contact remodeling require data. Context and source Obara et al. · Nature (2024)
ER–mitochondria contact interfaces and VAPB dynamics; includes COS7 imaging. Geometry and trajectories here are original illustrations.
This is the existing viewer's broad reference association, not a completed claim-by-claim review.
Study and model comparison The researchers combined three-dimensional electron microscopy with tracking of VAPB molecules to study contact-site organization. They reported changing subdomains associated with ER membrane curvature.
Our displayed contact is a fixed illustration. Its 20 nm gap and static geometry do not reproduce the paper's measured interfaces or molecular trajectories.
Read the study abstract on PubMed
Abstract-level assessment; full methods and quantitative model mapping remain unreviewed.
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Check what the model can tell you Optional reflection questions; no score or validated assessment is implied. Consider your answer before opening the explanation.
1. Does the model's 30 micrometre reference diameter mean every cell has that diameter? Reveal explanation 1 No. It is the reference size chosen for this teaching model. It does not establish the size of an individual cell or a universal size across cell types and states.
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2. Can the drug-sized probe's path tell you how quickly a real medicine enters a cell? Reveal explanation 2 No. The probe has a placeholder size and an illustrative trajectory. The model supplies no named drug, membrane permeability or calibrated exposure prediction.
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3. Is the displayed contact gap a reconstruction of the cited experiment? Reveal explanation 3 No. The fixed gap is an illustration. The source study and our geometry are distinct; citing the paper does not turn the model's dimensions or motion into measured data.
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